The following chemicals have been classified as carcinogenic by a mutagenic mode of action:
The submersion route was added to the radionuclide PRG and risk calculators for radioactive gases in tapwater. This addition was based on research found in ORNL/TM-2023/3001 - Quantifying the Impact of the Exclusion of the Submersion Exposure Route in Soil and Tap Water Models in Existing Superfund Radionuclide Screening Level Calculators.
44 new PFAS were added to the RAIS and 66 PFAS had their chemical-specific parameters from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics updated.
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to Cal EPA updates in the consolidated table of OEHHA/ARB approved risk assessment health values (CONTABLE), reference exposure levels (REL), and toxicity criteria database (TCD) are:
- benzo[e]pyrene.
- benzo[j]fluoroanthene.
- dibenzo[a,e]pyrene.
- dimethylbenzene[a]anthracene, 7,12-.
A Dioxin Equivalent Concentration Calculator has been added to the RAIS Chemical Tools under the Chemical Toxicity Menu. This tool will simultaneously calculate the dioxin toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQ) in soil, water, and biota using toxicity equivalent factors (TEFs). Enter the exposure point concentration for each congener, and the form will automatically generate the dioxin TEQ.
A PAH Equivalent Concentration Calculator has been added to the RAIS Chemical Tools under the Chemical Toxicity Menu. This tool will simultaneously calculate the PAH relative potency concentration (RPQ) in soil, water, and biota using relative potency factors (RPFs). Enter the exposure point concentration for each congener, and the form will automatically generate the PAH RPQ.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to the EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) (ORD Human Health Toxicity Value for Perfluoropropanoic Acid and ORD Human Health Toxicity Value for Lithium bis [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]azanide)) are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to the State of Wisconsin Department of Health Services are:
Other changes:
Due to the growing number of PFAS, a concerted effort was made to populate the missing chemical-specific parameters in our database and revisit existing parameters to promote consistency. Specifically, it was decided that for boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, and water solubility, data gaps in the ion form could use surrogate values from the acid form. Data gaps in parameters for the salt forms were not given surrogate values from the acid forms.
An Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Memorandum titled, "An Overview of the Risk Assessment Information System" ORNL/TM-2023/3036 was published. This paper provides a referenceable point in time for the advances made in the 27-year history of the RAIS.
The RAIS Main Tutorial has been extensively updated.
The Portsmouth Background Data has been updated to include several new sources of soil and groundwater values.
The Toxicity Profile page has been removed because the profiles were out of date. If one is needed, contact Fred Dolislager.
The Chemical Data Profile Tool now presents the soil-water partition coefficient (Kd) values used from our hierarchy of sources.
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to Cal EPA updates in the consolidated table of OEHHA/ARB approved risk assessment health values (CONTABLE), reference exposure levels (REL), and toxicity criteria database (TCD) are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to IRIS updates are:
Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- was changed to Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- (Chloroprene).
Some chemical properties have also changed.
The Ecological Benchmark Tool for Chemicals and Ecological Benchmark Tool for Radionuclides have updated values from the LANL ECORISK 4.3 release.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to IRIS updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to Cal EPA updates in the consolidated table of OEHHA/ARB approved risk assessment health values (CONTABLE), reference exposure levels (REL), and toxicity criteria database (TCD) are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to OPP updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to Cal EPA updates are:
Section 5.11 in the chemical PRG and RISK calculators User's Guides were updated with new information on TPH representative compounds for toxicity and chemical parameters. Of particular interest, the aromatic medium fraction is no longer represented by a PAH and therefore no longer has an ABS. The aromatic high fraction is now considered a mutagen based on benzo[a]pyrene being the new representative compound.
The Ecological Benchmark search tool was updated to improve the EPA Region 6 (TCEQ), California, Illinois, New Jersey, Ohio, Washington, UK, and Florida benchmarks. The User's Guide was also updated accordingly. Additionally air benchmarks were added from Region 6, and the search tool pick list was reorganized.
The Toxicity Metadata Search Tool was updated to streamline the selection by toxicity type. For instance, if chronic RfD is selected, all the metadata associated with the chronic RfD is returned automatically.
The Radionuclide Groundwater Transport Calculator has been completely reprogrammed. Now the radionuclide properties are automatically loaded. Select your radionuclides, enter the soil concentration, and the groundwater concentration is calculated via methods currently used in RAIS and EPA PRG and risk calculators.
The RAIS chemical toxicity value source hierarchy has been updated to reflect the hierarchies as described in the Chemical PRG and Risk Calculator's User's Guides. A comparison of changes resulting from this maintenance activity are available here.
Several PFAS compounds have been assigned toxicity values by the EPA recently. In many cases, the source provided subchronic values that EPA has recommended be used as chronic values. Additionally, acid forms have been assigned the same toxicity and chemical parameters as the ion form. They are:
The PRG Calculator, Risk Calculator, and toxicity retrieval tools have now been programmed to accommodate the subchronic substitution as outlined in the EPA memo. The memo recommends how to address the situation when a subchronic RfD or RfC is more protective than the chronic value. EPA evaluated 21 analytes for RfDs and 11 analytes for RfCs where the chronic value was larger (less protective) than the subchronic value. This analysis resulted in the EPA recommending the substitution of 5/11 of the RfCs and 14/21 of the RfDs. Please consult the memo for details on exclusion and inclusion of specific chemicals.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to IRIS updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes due to Cal EPA updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to OPP updates are:
The inorganic phosphate PPRTVs were retired, pending updates. The new PPRTVs for ammonium and calcium phosphates only provided subchronic values.
The calculator, in site-specific mode for the mass-limit volatilization factor (VF) option, now returns the higher value of the mass-limit and the standard VF calculation method.
An EPA memo recommends how to address the situation when a subchronic RfD or RfC is more protective than the chronic value. EPA evaluated 21 analytes for RfDs and 11 analytes for RfCs where the chronic value was larger (less protective) than the subchronic value. This analysis resulted in the EPA recommending the substitution of 5/11 of the RfCs and 14/21 of the RfDs. Please consult the memo for details on exclusion and inclusion of specific chemicals. The PRG Calculator and Risk Calculator tools have not been programmed to accommodate this substitution. The User-provided option will allow you to replicate the RSLs.
The RAIS Ecological Benchmark tool has undergone extensive updates. Every source has been revised and new sources added. The new User's Guide details these sources.
A new radionuclide ecological screening benchmark tool has been added. This tool shares the same User's Guide as the chemical tool. Look for Section 5. Radionuclides.
The Ecological Benchmark Tool EPA ECO-SSL database was updated to remove plant values for vanadium, iodine, and lithium.
The toxicity and parameter search tools for chemicals and radionuclides have been updated to include a multitude of new parameters and toxicity values. In addition to the new parameters, the variable labels have been updated and the parameter source hierarchies have been slightly altered.
New PFAS have been added to the database and parameters for 100 PFAS from 3M were included.
The Chemical Data Profile Tool metadata output has been updated.
Technical chlordane oral noncancer toxicity is now used as surrogates for alpha (cis)- and gamma (trans)-chlordane according to a memo from EPA.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
The Radionuclide Decay Chain Tool has been updated to include a decay chain table with branching fractions and decay modes. The graphic output has also been updated to give a table of the activity of each chain member at the timepoint entered by the user.
A new ecological benchmark search tool has been added that includes updated EPA Region IV benchmarks. As additional benchmark sources are updated, they will be included in this new tool.
The save file features in the chemical and radionuclide PRG and risk tools were updated to allow the user to add chemicals to existing saved runs.
The Federal Ambient Water Quality Criteria have been updated in the ARAR tool.
The RAIS Radionuclide Decay Chain tool was recently upgraded in conjunction with the addition of a new peak PRG output option to the EPA's Radionuclide PRG Calculator. The RAIS Radionuclide Decay Chain tool allows the user to enter a timepoint of interest and a beginning parent activity for any isotope. Upon submission the calculator returns a table with the activities of each chain member at the timepoint entered as well as an interactive graph of the state of the chain over time. The tool utilizes output derived from the CRAM methodology to calculate the activities for the user-provided initial activity and time point of interest described in this Technical Memorandum. A complete description of the peak PRG calculation process is presented in the TM.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to Cal EPA updates are:
The chemical name glycidyl was changed to glycidaldehyde.
The naming conventions for cis and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene were slightly altered to dichloroethylene, cis-1,2- and dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-.
The "p" for "para" in p-phthalic acid was changed to a lower case.The chemical name mephos oxide was changed to tribufos.The CASRN for diquat was changed to 2764-72-9 from 85-00-7 and chemical-specific parameters were updated, accordingly.Commercial hexane was given an EPA ID of E5241997.
Midrange aliphatic hydrocarbon streams was given an EPA ID of E1790669.User's Guide sections about PCBs and Aroclors was updated to include more detailed information on the selection of toxicity values. Ammonium picrate and picric acid were given the same chemical-specific parameters because ammonium picrate dissolves very readily to picric acid.Midrange aliphatic hydrocarbon streams was given the same chemical-specific parameters as n-nonane.Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity value changes due to Cal EPA updates are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes in the ATSDR database are:
Chlordane was changed to Chlordane (technical mixture), but the toxicity values have not changed.
The CAS for coke oven emissions was removed and replaced with an EPA ID.
A new CAS was given for polybrominated biphenyls.
The nonchlorinated furans (furan, dibenzofuran, and tetrahydrofuran) mistakenly applied the ABSd for chlorinated dioxins and dioxin like compounds (0.03). The ABSd was removed because the three furans in question are volatiles.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Xylene, P- was renamed Xylene, p-.
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Mixture was given the CAS 34465-46-8.
Molecular weights for Aroclors 1016, 1248, and 5460 were updated to 257.55, 291.99, and 540.3 g/mol, respectively.
The ABS values for TPH aromatic medium and high were updated to match their surrogates (0.13 for both).
The recreator incidental ingestion of surface water intake rates were updated to 0.124 L/hr and 0.0985 L/hr for the 6-16 year and 16-26 year age bins, respectively. Equations and references have been updated.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
Thiophanate, Methyl oral non-cancer value from OPP was corrected to match rounded value found in OPP documentation.
Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Trimer was renamed Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Trimer (THNA isomer).
The chemical names for nitrate and nitrite have been changed to "nitrate (measured as nitrogen)" and "nitrite (measured as nitrogen)".
Users can now enter their own PEF values for all land uses.
When a site-specific groundwater-soil system temperature is entered, the calculators now give the vapor pressure at standard temperature and the vapor pressure at the user-entered temperature. See the FAQ Page for more information.
Chemicals with toxicity changes in the PPRTV database are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes in the CalEPA database are:
Chemicals with toxicity changes in the ATSDR database are:
The oral reference dose and oral slope factor for Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) were updated based on the new IRIS Profile.
Chemicals with subchronic toxicity changes in their PPRTV are Lutetium and Gadolinium.
Technical and weathered toxaphene were added to the PPRTV database. Where available, parameters were copied from technical to weathered toxaphene.
The chemical and radionuclide risk tools have a new option to display a secondary table that contains cancer risk and hazard index total percent contributions by route and by chemical for all carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk options.
New Lead PRG and Lead risk tools have been added that follow the EPA methodology for calculating PRGs associated with non-residential adult exposures to lead in soil. The methodology focuses on estimating fetal blood lead concentrations in women exposed to lead-contaminated soils. Based on the TRW's analysis of the data collected in the completed NHANES III survey (1999-2004), updated ranges for the baseline adult blood lead concentration (PbB) and GSDi adult parameters in the ALM have been included in the calculator. However, recent scientific evidence has demonstrated adverse health effects at blood lead concentrations below 10 µg/dL down to 5 µg/dL, and possibly below. OSRTI is developing a new soil lead policy to address this new information. Until that soil lead policy is finalized, regional risk assessors and managers should consult with the TRW's Lead Committee before applying these updated values for PRG calculation. For more information about the EPA adult lead methodology recommendations, click here.
To broaden utility of the soil to groundwater risk model, it is now provided as a media option for both resident and indoor worker scenarios for all chemical and radionuclide calculators. In addition, radio buttons have been added to the soil to groundwater site-specific inputs page that allow users to select Method 1 - Partitioning or Method 2 - Mass Limit. Only the variables that pertain to the selected method will be displayed.
Chemicals with toxicity changes in the OPP database are:
The MCL for fluoride has been assigned to fluoride, sodium fluoride, and fluorine (soluble fluoride).
Enthalpy of vaporization at the boiling point values have been added from Yaws and the hierarchy has been updated.
Updates to soil gamma shielding factors (GSFo) have been implemented in the calculator. MCNP was used to correct for high error on low energy radionuclides. The mono energetic values were rerun and interpolated for all nuclides. This corrected any non-linear regression issues. Annihilation gamma (secondary photon emission) from positron emission was included for positron emitters. The technical memorandum is still being updated, but the new GSF values can be found here.
While running the user provided option in site-specific mode for the radionuclide PRG and Risk tools, the calculators were showing duplicate records for C, H, Hg, I, Ni, Ru, S, and Te elemental isotopes. These duplicate records have been removed.
EPA Region 4 has released new supplemental guidance for human health and ecological risk assessment. The new ecological screening benchmarks will be added to the RAIS soon.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
The chemical, DDD, was renamed DDD, p,p`- (DDD).
Bromofluorobenzene, p- was renamed Bromo-4-fluorobenzene, 1-.
The dispersion constants for calculation of Q/C for PEF and VF (A, B, and C) for Casper, Wyoming were changed to 17.6482, 18.8138, and 217.039, respectively. In the Supplemental Soil Screening Guidance, Tables D-2 and D-3, as well as E-2 and E-3, contain identical ABC for every city except for Casper, Wyoming. Applying the assertion that Casper was to be the 100 percentile city for PEF and the 0 percentile city for VF, the correct ABC values were deduced.
Benzo[a]pyrene and chemicals with associated relative potency factors were updated based on the new IRIS Profile.
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to ATSDR updates are:
Chemicals with new toxicity values due to PPRTV updates are:
The TPH chemical property sources were updated to match their representative compounds.
The spelling of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and toluene-2,6-diisocyanate was corrected.
Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFBS) was changed to Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS). Perfluorobutanesulfonate (45187-15-3) was added with same parameters as Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS).
Two new tools were added to the bottom of the TOOLS drop down menu on the blue horizontal navigation bar. The Groundwater Transport Calculator allows the user to enter a concentration in soil of a chemical, metal or radionuclide and calculate the resulting concentration in groundwater. Many site-specific soil and aquifer parameters are required. The user can choose between a partitioning model and a mass limit model. The Air Transport Calculator allows the user to enter a soil concentration of a radionuclide or nonradionuclide and calculate an air concentration based on site-specific meteorological conditions. The user can choose between a wind-driven or mechanically-driven model.
The following changes were made as part of the semiannual RSL updates:
National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Aquatic Life and MCLs were updated in the ARAR Search Tool.
All Tennessee ARARs were updated.
Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for surface water for the protection of aquatic life have been updated.
The radionuclide decay chain tool has been updated to include more recent decay information from ICRP 107.
The IRIS oral chronic reference doses for calcium cyanide, cyanogen, potassium cyanide, potassium silver cyanide, aqueous HCN and sodium cyanide were updated. The toxicity values for these analytes are based on the "Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (CASRN Various)" profile which was updated in 2010.
The toxicity values for TCDD, Tetrahydrofuran and Tetrachloroethylene have been updated in IRIS.
The toxicity values for Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane) from IRIS have been updated. Methylene Chloride is now a mutagen. Hexachloroethane and Trichloroacetic Acid were also added from IRIS.
Acrylamide is now treated as a mutagen.
The Vanadium Sulfate RfD was dropped from HEAST.
The RSL Website provides instructions on how to calculate PRGs for TCE for landuses involving multiple age cohorts.
The toxicity values for TCE from IRIS have been added to the RAIS. TCE has now been classified as a mutagen. The RAIS mutagen equations only have 4 age bins yet the IRIS profile suggests 13. Also, the IRIS profile suggest that the liver, kidney and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk be assessed separately and summed. The RAIS is not currently programmed for this level of detail. We will be watching the RSLs and will follow their lead.
The Chemical Metadata Tool was updated to follow the RAIS chemical toxicity source hierarchy. The output now includes the toxicity value and it's reference as well as all the metadata contained on the RAIS. The result of this update allows the user to run PRG and risk calculations for COPCs and then pull the metadata for the toxicity values used in the PRG and risk calculations for the COPCs. Caution: if toxicity values are changed for PRG and risk calculations in the "user-provided" mode, then the metadata will not match.
The Chemical PRG Tool and User Guide were updated to include RAGS Part E dermal exposure to water equations. This update also expanded the noncancer output to include child, adult and age-adjusted results. The site-specific option of the calculator now presents four age bins that are analogous to the mutagenic equation age bins. The 0-2 and 2-6 year age bins are combined to generate the traditional child exposure parameters and the 6-16 and 16-30 age bins are combined to generate the traditional adult exposure parameters. These age divisions are available for the resident and recretor scenarios.
The Chemical Risk Tool and User Guide were updated to include RAGS Part E dermal exposure to water equations. This update also expanded the noncancer output to include child, adult and age-adjusted results. The site-specific option of the calculator now presents four age bins that are analogous to the mutagenic equation age bins. The 0-2 and 2-6 year age bins are combined to generate the traditional child exposure parameters and the 6-16 and 16-30 age bins are combined to generate the traditional adult exposure parameters. These age divisions are available for the resident and recreator scenarios.
Both the chemical PRG and risk tools now give the user the option to select between chronic and subchronic noncancer toxicity values.
The Chemical Data Profile Tool was updated to include more metadata.
Some Toxicity Profiles were updated to correct .html usage of special characters. (Note: this tool has been removed. See September 2023 entry.)
The Risk Assessment Overview Diagram was updated.
The Chemical Data Profile Tool was updated.
New PPRTVswere added to the toxicity database.
New toxicity values and metadata have been uploaded for Chloroprene (Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2-) from IRIS .
New toxicity values and metadata have been uploaded for cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene from IRIS .
New toxicity values and metadata have been uploaded for Pentachlorophenol from IRIS .
New toxicity values and metadata have been uploaded for 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane from IRIS .
New toxicity values and metadata have been uploaded for trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene from IRIS .
New toxicity values and metadata have been uploaded for Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts from IRIS .
The RAGS Part A style toxicity profiles have been removed and replaced by a new tool that is updated automatically. The Chemical Data Profiles tool provides all the toxicity values and chemical specific parameters from every source available on the RAIS for the analyte selected. Additional chemical information such as ecological screening values and chemical metadata will be added over time.
New toxicity values and metadata have been uploaded for 1,4-Dioxane from IRIS .
The exposure time parameter was removed from the recreator exposure to incidental ingestion of soil/sediment for the PRG and risk tools.
Several minor changes have recently been completed.
We have consolidated all of our risk assessment guidance documents in one area and have created a document search tool.
We have created a site map to help users get a quick feel how all our tools are organized.
We have a new navigation change under our tools menu. We separated the toxicity values, metadata and parameter searches so that it is more transparent where each tool is located.
The radionuclide decay chain tool has been updated
The gamma radiation instrument response tool has a new user guide that provides more detail. Use this tool to calculate a detector reading to determine if your soil PRGs are being met during cleanup.
IRIS has released a toxicological profile for Acrylamide. The chronic oral reference dose, chronic inhalation reference concentration, inhalation unit risk and oral slope factor have been updated as well as associated toxicity metadata.
The RAIS has added acute and chronic Ecological Benchmarks from EPA Region 4 for saltwater.
The RAIS has updated the ARAR Search Tool. Many of the footnotes are now visible.
The RAIS has added toxicity values that are less than chronic. These include: subchronic, short-term and acute.
The RAIS has updated chemical-specific parameters for beef and milk transfer coefficients and wet and dry plant uptake factors.
Several new chemicals were added from California EPA sources.
A Radionuclide Decay Chain Tool was added.
The RAIS was given a new style. The user list is being verified. All databases are now running on ORACLE.
The Paducah Background data was revised and new documents were added.
The RAIS Main Tutorial has been updated.
A discussion forum for all things related to risk assessment has been added. (Note: this tool has been deactivated.)
IRIS has released a toxicological profile for Thallium and its many salts. The chronic oral reference doses have been withdrawn. These values have been retained on the RAIS and given a reference of WITHDRAWN and a special footnote given to the values for useage instructions.
IRIS has released a toxicological profile for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. The chronic oral reference dose, chronic inhalation reference concentration and oral slope factor have been updated as well as associated toxicity metadata. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a mutagen.
IRIS has released a toxicological profile for Bromobenzene. The chronic and subchronic oral reference doses and the chronic and subchronic inhalation reference concentrations have been updated as well as associated toxicity metadata.
IRIS has released a toxicological profile for Cerium Oxide and Cerium Compounds. The chronic inhalation reference concentration has been updated as well as associated toxicity metadata.
IRIS has released a toxicological profile for Chlordecone (kepone). The oral slope factor and the chronic oral reference dose have been updated as well as associated toxicity metadata.
IRIS has released a toxicological profile for 2-Hexanone . The chronic inhalation reference concentration and the chronic oral reference dose have been updated as well as associated toxicity metadata.
The half-life and lambda parameters were set to units of years. Toxicity Value Tool
Densities were added to the Toxicity Value Tool .
Melting points, boiling points, vapor pressures and water solubilities were added for many inorganics.
The PRG tool was modified to generate tap water noncarcinogenic PRGs based on adult exposure rather than child. Toxicity values, metadata and the RAGS Part A profile for Nitrobenzene were updated based on a new IRIS summary.
The biota intakes rates in the PRG section were updated to more accurately reflect the intent of the guidance.
A new risk modeling calculation tool for chemicals and radionuclides is now on the RAIS. This tool has new user guides and presents the chronic daily intake (CDI) equations and exposure parameters. Users should note that the new equations do not present dermal toxicity values but do present the gastrointestinal absorption factors used to modify oral values. Also note that inhalation RfDs are no longer used but are replaced with RfCs. For chemicals, inhalation slope factors are replaced with inhalation unit risks. A new feature of the risk tool is the ability to change the toxicity values that are used as well as calculate risk for a chemical that is not in our pick list. If you have any comments about these new features, please contact Fred Dolislager.
A new PRG calculation tool for chemicals and radionuclides is now on the RAIS. This tool has a new user guide and presents the equations and exposure parameters. Users should note that the new equations do not present dermal toxicity values but do present the gastrointestinal absorption factors used to modify oral values. Also note that inhalation RfDs are no longer used but are replaced with RfCs. For chemicals, inhalation slope factors are replaced with inhalation unit risks. A new feature of the PRG tool is the ability to change the toxicity values that are used as well as calculate a PRG for a chemical that is not in our pick list. The PRG tool uses the toxicity values presented on a newly formatted Toxicity Value search tool. ATSDR and California EPA values are now included in the hierarchy. Soon, a new Risk Models page will be released using the same exposure values as the new PRG equations. Also soon to be released is a new section of the Toxicity Profiles tool that will create a real-time "RAGS Part A" format profile based on current toxicity data and chemical-specific parameters. (Note: this tool has been removed. See September 2023 entry.) If you have any comments about these new features, please contact Fred Dolislager.
The half-life of Am-242m was changed from 152 to 141 years.
Chemical specific parameters updated for PCB 81, PCB 170, PCB 180, PCB 189, PCB 126, PCB 167, PCB 157, PCB 156, PCB 123 and PCB 114.
Mercuric Sulfide GIABS updated to 0.07 based on RAGS Part E Exhibit 4-1. Also the oral RfD has been modified to 0.0003 mg/kg-day to reflect the intent of, SRC SF 01-016a/09-25-02 "Risk Assessment Issue Paper for: Evaluation of the Provisional RfD for Mercuric Sulfide (CASRN 1344-48-5), that states the IRIS value for mercuric chloride should be protective of mercuric sulfide. Footnotes and references have been updated.
Federal ARARs Updated.
Mercuric Sulfide GIABS updated to 0.07 based on RAGS Part E Exhibit 4-1. Also the oral RfD has been modified to 0.0003 mg/kg-day to reflect the intent of, SRC SF 01-016a/09-25-02 "Risk Assessment Issue Paper for: Evaluation of the Provisional RfD for Mercuric Sulfide (CASRN 1344-48-5), that states the IRIS value for mercuric chloride should be protective of mercuric sulfide. Footnotes and references have been updated.
TN ARARs are updated.
EPA Eco-SSLs are updated.
The toxicity values for chloral and chloral hydrate were reported to be combined on the RAIS and they have been separated. Appropriate chemical-specific parameters have been applied and metadata updated.
A footnote was added to p-Chlorobenzoic acid giving screening RfDs.
It is now possible to download references in the tab delimited files.
The Federal ARARs were updated. Saltwater and organoleptic values were added.
The RAIS is now using oral slope factors for radionuclides that have been calculated for adults only. These slope factors will be used for the indoor and outdoor worker scenarios as well as the construction/excavator scenarios.
Oral reference doses were added for 4-Amino-2,6-Dinitrotoluene and 2-Amino-4,6-Dinitrotoluene. The toxicity values were taken from the EPA Region 9 PRG table as listed under the contaminant Aminodinitrotoluene with a reference of NCEA. Chemical-specific parameters were also updated.
A new IRIS report for Phosgene CAS 75-44-5 has been released. A new chronic inhalation RfC has been released. Toxicity metadata have been updated. Chemical-specific parameters have been added.
A new IRIS report for n-Hexane CAS 110-54-3 has been released. A new chronic inhalation RfC has been released. Toxicity metadata have been updated.
The RAIS has adopted the California EPA slope factors for Tetrachloroethylene. The oral paper can be found here and the inhalation paper can be found here.
A new IRIS report for Toluene CAS 108-88-3 has been released. A new chronic oral RfD and inhalation RfC have been released. Toxicity metadata have been updated.
Oral toxicity values were added for Ethyl chloride from NCEA as reported in the US EPA Region 9 PRG table.
Slope Factor values were added for Methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE) from California EPA as reported in the US EPA Region 9 PRG table.
An oral chronic RfD was added for 4-Nitrophenol from NCEA as reported in the US EPA Region 6 PRG table.
Vapor pressures were added for 9 Organics.
Chemical-specific parameters were updated for all inorganic compounds that formerly referenced the EPI software suite. Initiated by user feedback, it was discovered that the software was not generally suitable for inorganic compound estimation and EPI's underlying experimental database was very limited. This oversight on our part can unfortunately be found in many EPA products such as SCDM, WATER8, CHEM9, etc. The parameters that were updated include: boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, unitless Henry's Law constant, fish BCF, Koc (not applicable for inorganics), logKow, water solubility and permeability constant. Boiling point, melting point and vapor pressure were not used in any PRG or risk equations, however, the other parameters were and new calculations may be different from your previous results. A very concerted effort was made to compile a complete and defensible database. Please contact Fred Dolislager with any questions.
An Oral RfD was added for Barium from IRIS. A Dermal RfD was also calculated. Metadata was updated.
An Oral RfD was added for Iron from the EPA Regional tables. A Dermal RfD was also calculated.
The RAIS Team has allowed the newly programmed risk and PRG calculators to retain the ability to calculate dermal risk from soil contact for the indoor industrial exposure route. However we have set the default surface area to be 0. This effectively removes the route from the equation to be compliant with Superfund. Should a user desire to include the dermal route, a surface area may be entered by using the "prompt for parameters" option.
The RAIS Team has completed a total upgrade to the risk modeling calculator tool. There are new equations and new exposure parameters that reflect recent EPA guidance. After hours of diligent programming, we believe that all the bugs have been corrected. Please take the time to reread the "notes" sections where they occur. They contain many important clues to make the risk calculation process transparent. Please observe the many links that are now present in the output and the "prompt for parameters" page. When risks are returned, you can click on the column headers and you will be taken to the equation parameters page. When selecting variables in the "prompt for parameters" page you can click on the equations and be taken to the equation parameters page. The selected parameters are then returned with the risk results. What you can't "see" while using the new risk tool is that ALL the programs that make the RAIS risk calculator work are brand new. Leslie Galloway has diligently designed and structured the code in a way that makes the results visually pleasing as well as seamlessly functional. Future updates will be much simpler. With that in mind, please take the time to test and investigate all the new changes and tell us what you think. When doing multiple chemicals, the RAIS now sums the risks for you and highlights COCs. The risk totals even take into account the one-hit rule.
A new IRIS oral reference dose of 7E-04 was released for Perchlorate and Perchlorate Salts (CAS 7790-98-9). The salts include Ammonium perchlorate (CAS 7790-98-9), Lithium perchlorate (CAS 7791-03-9), Potassium perchlorate (CAS 7778-74-7) and Sodium perchlorate (CAS 7601-89-0). Metadata and chemical-specific data have also been updated.
A newly updated ecological screening benchmark database was loaded into the RAIS. This is the same database currently in SADA ver 4.
The RAIS Team has completed a total upgrade to the PRG calculator tool. There are new equations and new exposure parameters that reflect recent EPA guidance. After hours of diligent programming, we believe that all the bugs have been corrected. Please take the time to reread the "notes" sections where they occur. They contain many important clues to make the PRG calculation process transparent.
Please observe the many links that are now present in the output and the "prompt for parameters" page. When PRGs are returned, you can click on the column headers and you will be taken to the equation parameters page. When selecting variables in the "prompt for parameters" page you can click on the equations and be taken to the equation parameters page. The selected parameters are then returned with the PRG results.
What you can't "see" while using the new PRG tool is that ALL the programs that make the RAIS PRGs work are brand new. Leslie Galloway has diligently designed and structured the code in a way that makes the results visually pleasing as well as seamlessly functional. Future updates will be much simpler. With that in mind, please take the time to test and investigate all the new changes and tell us what you think. Similar changes will soon be made to the forward risk calculator tool.
The RAIS has updated the subchronic oral RfD for arsenic. The previous value (5.0E-03) was withdrawn. The new value of 3.0E-04 comes from HEAST which has taken the chronic value from IRIS.
The RAIS ABS values have been updated for those analytes found in "Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS), Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment) Final July 2004" Exhibit 3-4.
The RAIS has been updated and a toolbar has been added to the top of every page for user convenience. If you have any comments or requests please contact Fred Dolislager.
The toxicity summary for Boron and Compounds has been revised, and a Toxicological Review for Boron and Compounds has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for Boron and Compounds:
The toxicity summary for 1,2-Dibromoethane has been revised, and a Toxicological Review for 1,2-Dibromoethane has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Slope Factors (inhalation, ingestion-diet and ingestion-tap water) were added for Cm-248 and Cf-252. These are spontaneous fission isotopes and their slope factors have not yet been published in HEAST or FGR 13. These new values were obtained from the ORNL team that created FGR 13.
ARARs are now available on-line for Wisconsin and New York.
The Oral Subchronic Reference Dose for Chromium III was changed from 1.0E+00 to 1.5E+00 mg/kg-d . According to HEAST, the chronic value was adopted as the subchronic value. The chronic value is listed on IRIS as 1.5E+00 mg/kg-d. The previous subchronic oral RfD of 1.0E+00 was an artifact of the original HEAST database. The associated dermal subchronic value is also updated.
The toxicity summary for Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) has been revised, and a Toxicological Review for MEK has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for MEK:
The toxicity summary for Cyclohexane has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Cyclohexane has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for Cyclohexane:
The toxicity summary for Dichloroacetic acid has been revised, and a Toxicological Review for Dichloroacetic acid has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for Dichloroacetic acid:
The toxicity summary for Acetone has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Acetone has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for Acetone:
The toxicity summary for Hydrogen sulfide has been revised, and a Toxicological Review for Hydrogen sulfide has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for Hydrogen sulfide:
The Ethylbenzene cancer toxicity values have been withdrawn by NCEA. This chemical is now being reassessed for IRIS which automatically flags further use of any provisional cancer or non-cancer assessments. However, the RAIS has retained these values and added appropriate footnotes.
Toxicity values have been added for Copper. HEAST presents a drinking water standard of 1.3 mg/L for Copper. The RAIS has converted this value into a chronic and subchronic RfD for oral and dermal exposure. The following toxicity values are to be used for Copper:
The toxicity summary for Acrolein has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Acrolein has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for Acrolein:
The toxicity summary for Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) has been revised, and a Toxicological Review for MIBK has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for MIBK:
The toxicity summary for Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been revised, and a new Metadata Report for TCE has been added to the EIMS Web site. The following toxicity values are to be used for TCE:
The toxicity summary for Benzene has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Benzene has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes have been made on the toxicity databases and toxicity profiles:
The toxicity summary for Xylenes has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Xylenes has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes have been made on the toxicity database:
Diesel engine exhaust was added as a new Chemical on the IRIS website. The following additions have been made:
The summary for 1,3-Butadiene has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for 1,3-Butadiene has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes have been made on the toxicity database:
The summary for Phenol has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Phenol has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes have been made on the toxicity database:
The inhalation unit risk value for asbestos was changed on the RAIS to be 2.3E-04 (fiber/L)-1. Also the inhalation slope factor was changed to 8.05E-07 (fiber/kg-day)-1. These changes are a result of converting the IRIS units to RAIS standard units.
The Chemical-specific Parameters database was updated for nearly all chemicals for their references and/or values. The references were updated to provide complete definition of the source or the process used to derive the values. In the process of updating these references, it was discovered that WATER8 was no longer supplied by the US EPA. WATER8 was a common reference for many parameters. The RAIS now uses values taken from EPA's EPI software for the following parameters: molecular weight, log octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow or log p), dermal permeability constant (Kp), organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc), water solubility (S), fish bioconcentration factor, and Henry law constant (H').
The ARARs have been updated for: Federal, Tennessee, South Carolina, Kentucky, Ohio, Washington, and Illinois. Many contaminants were added such as fecal coliform, giardia lamblia, viruses, etc. These additions were common among all States.
1,1-Dichlorethylene tox values were updated based on a new IRIS toxicological release at http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/toxreviews/0039-tr.pdf. The non-cancer Reference Dose (RfD) was changed from 0.009 mg/kg-day to 0.05 mg/kg-day.
The excel spread sheets were also updated that contain the toxicity values.
Estimation of Whole-Fish Contaminant Concentrations from Fish Fillet Data (ES/ER/TM-202) has been added to the Risk Assessment Guidance pages in pdf format.
There are new Inhalation Unit Risk (URi) values on the RAIS for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and associated chemicals based on adjustment with a Toxicity Equivalent Factor (TEF). This change was necessary to correct an error in the standard unit conversions from HEAST format to RAIS format. The standard units for inhalation unit risk in HEAST are (ug/m3)-1, however the HEAST URi for 2,3,7,8-TCDD was presented in the nonstandard units of (pg/m3)-1. Below are the new toxicity values for URi, presented in (mg/m3)-1 for the RAIS:
The summary for Quinoline has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Quinoline has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes have been made on the toxicity database:
A new, searchable database of chemical-specific toxicity metadata contains values needed in human health toxicity assessments. This information can be used to help complete EPA RAGs Part D tables and supplement toxicity assessments. The database is accessible here.
RAGS Part A format toxicity profiles were added for the 64 chemicals currently on the RAIS. This format follows the requirements from RAGS Part A, are maintained with current toxicity information, and are designed for inclusion in the main body of a risk assessment. (Note: this tool has been removed. See September 2023 entry.)
The summary for Chloromethane has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Chloromethane has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes have been made on the toxicity database:
The summary for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD) has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD) has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes have been made on the toxicity database:
Bromate (CAS 15541-45-4) has been added to IRIS. Therefore, the toxicity database has been updated with the following information:
Water Solubility (S) was added to the chemical-specific parameters search feature.
Addresses and phone numbers were updated on the contacts pages.
For 47 chemicals, the inhalation slope factor was changed from a HEAST value to a conversion from the IRIS unit risk value, which is more current. A footnote was also added to indicate this conversion. This change occurred for the following chemicals: Acrylamide; Acrylonitrile; Aldrin; Aramite; Azobenzene; Benzene; Beryllium; Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether; Bis(chloromethyl)ether; Bromoform; Butadiene, 1,3-; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chlordane; Chloroform; Chromium VI (chromic acid mists and particulates); Coke Oven Emissions; DDT; Dibromoethane, 1,2-; Dichloroethylene, 1,1-; Dichloropropene, 1,3-; Dieldrin; Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2-; Epichlorohydrin; Formaldehyde; Heptachlor; Heptachlor Epoxide; Hexachlorobenzene; Hexachlorobutadiene; Hexachlorocyclohexane, Alpha-; Hexachlorocyclohexane, Beta-; Hexachlorocyclohexane, Technical; Hexachloroethane; Hydrazine; Hydrazine Sulfate; Nickel Refinery Dust; Nickel Subsulfide; Nitrosodiethylamine, N-; Nitrosodimethylamine, N-; Nitroso-di-N-butylamine, N-; Nitrosopyrrolidine, N-; Propylene Oxide; Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-; Toxaphene; Trichloroethane, 1,1,2; Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6; and Vinyl Chloride.
Updated the Oral RfD for Uranium (Soluble Salts). The new value is 6.0E-4 mg/kg/day and the new Dermal RfD is 5.1E-4 mg/kg/day. Source: Federal Register, (very large file) Thursday December 7, 2000. Part II, Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR Parts 9, 141, and 142 - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides; Final Rule. p 76713. [PDF] Also see Soil Screening Guidance for Radionuclides: User's Guide pg 1-6.
Updated files for the Federal Regulatory Standards. The following is a list of the changes/additions:
Note to Users: There has been a new release of toxicity values for radionuclides as presented in Federal Guidance Report No. 13. Essentially, every slope factor has changed. In addition, oral values are tabulated separately for ingestion of tap water, dietary intakes (food), and incidental soil ingestion. Please consult the User's Guide section on radionuclide carcinogenicity for the derivation of radionuclide slope factors and guidance on their use. Also please note that the output of the Preliminary Remediation Goal and Human Health Exposure Modeling sections will reflect these changes in toxicity values.
Added a link to the Tools page for EPA's Soil Screening Guidance for Radionuclides.
Chloral toxicity has been updated on IRIS. The chemical name is now "Chloral Hydrate" and the new Oral Chronic RfD is 1E-1.
Chlorine Dioxide toxicity has been updated on IRIS. The new Oral Chronic RfD is 3E-2.
Chlorite (Sodium Salt) toxicity has been updated on IRIS. The new Oral Chronic RfD is 3E-2.
Four missing references were added to the Beryllium formal toxicity profile.
A new link to "Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume 3 Part A Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment" (RAGS 3A) has been added to the Regulatory Guidance page.
A new link to "Region IV Supplemental Guidance to Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund" has been added to the Regulatory Guidance page.
A sentence was added to the end of all toxicity value footnotes for Mercury compounds (Inorganic Mercury, Elemental Mercury, Mercuric Chloride, and Mercuric Sulfide) in order to ensure proper use of the toxicity value by referring the user to toxicity information regarding other forms of Mercury.
The IRIS summary for Vinyl Chloride has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for Vinyl Chloride has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes to Vinyl Chloride have been made on the RAIS:
New ecological guidance for Region IV, "Amended Guidance on Ecological Risk Assessment at Military Bases: Process Considerations, Timing of Activities, and Inclusion of Stakeholders", has been added to the Regulatory Guidance page.
"Improved Methods for Calculating Concentrations Used in Exposure Assessments", BJC/OR-416, has replaced the draft TM, ES/ER/TM-211, on the Risk Assessment Guidance page.
Kentucky, Illinois, and South Carolina state regulations have been updated.
The IRIS summary for 1,3-Dichloropropene has been revised, and a new Toxicological Review for 1,3-Dichloropropene has been added to the IRIS Web site. The following changes to 1,3-Dichloropropene have been made on the RAIS:
The following chemicals have been added to the RAIS with provisional toxicity values - CAS numbers are in parentheses:
Please check the toxicity database for chemical-specific provisional toxicity values and other physical properties.
The following chemicals have new provisional toxicity values:
Please check the toxicity database for other chemical-specific toxicity values for these chemicals.
The Paducah background values have been updated. See the background database for further information.
The IRIS summary for benzene has been revised with a new oral carcinogenicity assessment. The oral unit risk is now 1.6E-3 (mg/L)-1 and the oral slope factor is now 5.5E-2 (mg/kg/day)-1.
Footnote "h" of Toxicity Footnotes has been revised to read "Value expressed as fibers/L".
The following chemicals have been assigned CAS numbers:
The inhalation slope factor for Diethylstilbesterol was withdrawn from HEAST and is now referenced with a 'w'. The withdrawn date is July 1997.
The oral reference dose for Methyl Methacrylate is now referenced as coming from IRIS.
Incorrect Exposure Frequency (EF) units for the PRG search table output were corrected to now read "day/year".
A reference for RAGS Part B, Appendix D was added to the PRG and Human Health Risk Exposure Modeling pages.
Numerous missing/incorrect links were updated throughout the site, especially on the EPA Human Health Related Guidance page.
New IRIS Summary and Toxicological Review for Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) have been added to the IRIS web site. The oral chronic reference dose is 5E-1 mg/kg/day, the dermal chronic reference dose is 2.5E-1 mg/kg/day, the inhalation chronic reference concentration is 1.3E+1 mg/m3, and the inhalation chronic reference dose is 3.71E+0 mg/kg/day. There were no supporting data for carcinogenicity at this time.
Tennessee and Ohio State Guidelines were updated to reflect recent changes.
The ORO Risk Assessment Guidance pages were updated to remove three inactive procedures: "Verifying Calculations in Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments", EM&EF/ER-P2009; "Requirements for Conducting Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments", EM&EF/ER- S2010; and "Integrating Contractor Issues in Risk Assessment", ER/C-S2002.
One new procedure was added to the ORO Risk Assessment Guidance pages: "Environmental Management: Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment", ES-A-2100.
Additional text and links were added to the boxes in the Risk Assessment Overview Diagram.
Description of the configuration control process was added to the top of the "Tools" page.
Incorrect text was removed from Section 2.3 "Derivation of Dermal Toxicity Values" of "Using Toxicity Values in Risk Assessment", which is part of the "Toxicity Values" Tool page.
The html version of "Guidance for Conducting Risk Assessments and Related Risk Activities for the DOE-ORO Environmental Management Program", BJC/OR-271, is available on the Technical Memoranda lists from the "ORO Risk Assessment Guidance" page, and all human health strategy document links have been re-linked to this file.
Established Regulatory Limits for Surface Water and Groundwater for Illinois, South Carolina, and Washington and revised federal limits were added to the Federal and State Guidelines.
The inhalation RfC for Beryllium and compounds has been changed from 2e-2 ug/m^3 to 2e-5 mg/m^3 and the inhalation RfD for Beryllium and compounds has been changed from 5.71e-3 ug/kg/day to 5.71e-6 mg/kg/day.
Html code that appears in the tab/comma delimited version of the PRG output has been removed.
The human health strategy document "Risk Assessment Strategy at DOE-ORO," ES/ER/TM-180 has been superceded by the following document: Guidance for Conducting Risk Assessments and Related Risk Activities for the DOE-ORO Environmental Management Program, BJC/OR-271.
Pdf files for the following technical memoranda were added to "ORO Risk Assessment Guidance":
The Established Regulatory Limits for Surface Water and Groundwater have been revised for Tennessee and Kentucky.
Rad CAS numbers were revised to enable selection of rads with "m" or "+d" on the human health risk models tool.
Acetonitrile (75-05-8) - The Chronic Oral RFD (RFDOC) has been withdrawn from IRIS. The Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentration (RFCIC) has been changed to 6.0E-2. The Chronic Inhalation Reference Dose has been changed to 1.71E-2. The cancer class changed to 'D'.
Benzo(a)pyrene (50-32-8) - The Inhalation Unit Risk (IUR) has been corrected from 880 (g/m3) to 0.88 (mg/m3). This change affects all PAH's which derive their IUR values via a TEF.
Compound | TEF |
---|---|
Benz(a)anthracene | 0.1 |
Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 0.1 |
Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 0.01 |
Chrysene | 0.001 |
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 1.0 |
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 0.1 |
Naphthalene (91-20-3) - The Chronic Oral RFD (RFDOC) changed to 2.0E-2 and the Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentration (RFCIC) changed to 3.0E-3. The cancer class changed to 'C'.
Benzene (71-43-2) - The Inhalation Unit Risk (IUR) changed to 7.8E-3.
Inhalation of soil now follows EPA's soil screening guidance and separates inhalation of volatiles and inhalation of particulates.
Several new variables have been added to the Toxicity Values and Chemical-Specific Factors to accomodate the fields needed for soil inhalation. Included in this list are Inhalation Unit Risk factors.
Inhalation chronic reference dose and reference concentration added for Naphthalene (91-20-3) [RFDIC = 3.71E-04, RFCIC = 1.3E-4] and Tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) [RFDIC = 1.71E-01, RFCIC = 6.0E-1].
Inhalation slope factor for Polycholorinated Biphenyls and all Aroclors has been changed from 2.0 to 0.4.
Ingestion and dermal chronic reference dose have been changed for the following:
Chemical | CAS # | RFDOC | ADRFDOC |
---|---|---|---|
Tricholorethane, 1,1,1 | 71-55-6 | 2.0E-1 | 1.8E-1 |
Trichloroethylene | 79-01-6 | 6.0E-3 | 9.0E-4 |
Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 4.0E-2 | 3.2E-2 |
Chromium (III) | 16065-83-1 | 1.5E+0 | 7.5E-3 |
EPA Cancer class changed for several analytes.
References and footnotes changed for several analytes.
New values added for Fish BTF (bio-transfer factor).
New values added for Beef BTF (bio-transfer factor).
New values added for Milk BTF (bio-transfer factor).
New values added for KP (permeability constant).
New values added for BV Dry for pasture
New values added for BV Wet for leafy vegetables
July '97 withdrawn dates added for:
The ingestion rates used in the PRGs are now all expressed in kg/day.
Inhalation RfDs are defined to be RfC x 20/70. A database check identified three inhalation reference doses which needed to be upddated. The following changes resulted:
Chronic: | |
101-68-8 Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate | |
OLD Number = 5.71E-6 | NEW Number = 1.71E-4 |
Subchronic: | |
74-83-9 Bromomethane | |
OLD Number = 4.77E-2 | NEW Number = 1.4E-3 |
108-88-3 Toluene | |
OLD Number = 3.20E-1 | NEW Number = 1.1E-1 |
BERYLLIUM (7440-41-7) The oral slope factor is withdrawn pending further investigation.
The Risk-Based PRGs will now accept user-supplied parameters to the equations.
Added Quantitative Uncertainty Analysis of Superfund Residential Risk Pathway Models for Soil and Goundwater: White Paper Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1996 (pdf format).
Many Permeability Constants (Kp) have been added.
The halflives for Ruthenium were corrected in the the Excel spreadsheet.
CUMENE (98-82-8) The chronic oral RfD is changed from 4.00E-02 to 1.00E-01. The footnote for this value, "a", remains unchanged. The chronic inhalation RfC is changed from 9.00E-03 to 4.00E-01, and footnoted a, indicating that the new value comes from IRIS. The EPA Cancer Classification of D is added, and footnoted a, indicating that it comes from IRIS.
TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE (56-35-9) The Chronic Oral RfD is changed from 3.00E-05 to 3.00E-04, with the footnote "a" remaining unchanged, indicating that the value comes from IRIS. An EPA Cancer Classification of D is added, footnoted "a". Note, the inhalation information added to the IRIS file indicated that data are inadequate for derivation of an inhalation RfC.