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PRG References
[1] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Risk Assessment
Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B,
Development of Risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals). Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, D.C.
[2] Andelman, J. B. 1990. Total Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals in
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[3] Risk Assessment Information System, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Toxicity
values are updated from EPA's IRIS and HEAST as they are updated.
[4] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. Dermal
Exposure Assessment: Principles and Application. Interim Report. EPA/600/8-91/011B.
Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.
[5] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Appendix D of Risk Assessment
Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of
Risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals). 1991. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C.
[6] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Risk Assessment
Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-based
Preliminary Remediation Goals). OSWER Directive 9285.7-01B. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, D.C.
[7] International Atomic Energy Agency. 1982. Generic Models
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[8] National Council on Radiation Protection Measurement. January 1989.
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[9] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Risk Assessment
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Supplemental Guidance Standard Default Exposure Factors. OSWER Directive
9285.6-03. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C.
[10] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Exposure Factors
Handbook. EPA/600/8-89/043. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,Washington, D.C.
[11] United States Environmental Protection Agency Region IV. February 11, 1992. New
Interim Region IV Guidance Memorandum from Region IV, Atlanta, Georgia.
[12] Maximum value used; equivalent to 100%
[13] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Risk Assessment
Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C.
[14] McKone, T. E. 1987. Human Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Household
Tap Water: The Indoor Inhalation Pathway. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21:1194-1201
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[17] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Superfund Exposure
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[18] Shen, T. 1981. Estimating hazardous air emissions from disposal sites. Pollution
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[19] Cowherd, C., G. Muleski, P. Engelhart, and D. Gillete. 1985. Rapid Assessment of
Exposure to Particulate Emissions from Surface Contamination. EPA/600/8-85/002. Prepared for EPA
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[20] Miller, P. D., C. W. McGinn, S. T. Purucker, and R. K. White. 1995. Defining the
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(CERCLA) Remedial Investigation Process at the DOE-OR. ES/ER/TM-58. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
[21] Pao, E. M., K. H. Fleming, P. M. Gueuther, and S. J. Mickle. 1982. Studies of
ingestion dose pathways from the nuclear fuel services fuel reprocessing plant. U.S.
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[22] National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. 1985.
Radiological Assessment: Predicting the Transport, Bioaccumulation, and Uptake by
Man of Radionuclides Released to the Environment. NCRP Report No. 76.
[23] Personal communication with the Roane County, Tennessee, Extension Agent.
[24] Till, J. E. and H. R. Meyer. Radiological Assessment: A Textbook on Environmental
Dose Analysis. ORNL-5968. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical
Information Service.
[25] Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1977. Regulatory Guide 1.109: Calculation
of Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases of Reactor Effluents for the Purpose of
Evaluating Compliance with 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix 1.
[26] Darwin, R. 1990. Soil ingestion by dairy cattle. Pacific Northwest Laboratory,
Richland, Washington.
[27] United States Department of Energy. 1987. Remedial Actions Priority Systems
(RAPS) Mathematical Formulations. DOE/RLL/87-06.
[28] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. Supplemental Guidance
to RAGS: Region 4 Bulletins, Human Health Risk Assessment (Interim Guidance).
Waste Management Division, Office of Health Assessment.
[29] McKone, T. E. 1994. Uncertainty and variability in human exposures to soil
contaminants through home-grown food: a Monte Carlo assessment. Risk Anal.
14(4):449-463. .
[30] Miller, C. W. 1980. An analysis of measured values for the fraction of a radioactive
aerosol intercepted by vegetation. Health Phys. 38:705-712.
[31] Pinder, J. E., and K. W. McLeod. 1989. Mass loading of soil particles on plant
surfaces. Health Phys. 57:935-942.
[32] Hinton, T. G. 1992. Contamination of plants by resuspension: a review, with critique
of measurement methods. Sci. Total Environ. 121:177-193.
[33] Hoffman, F. O., R. H. Gardner, and K. F. Eckerman. 1982. Variability in dose
estimates associated with the food chain transport and ingestion of selected
radionuclides. NUREG/CR-2612. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
[34] Peterson, H. T., Jr. 1983. Terrestrial and aquatic food chain pathways, pp. 5-1 to
5-156 in J. E. Till, and H. R. Meyer, eds. Radiological Assessment: a textbook on
environmental dose analysis. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C.
[35] McKone, T. E. 1994. Uncertainty and variability in human exposures to soil
contaminants through home-grown food: a Monte Carlo assessment. Risk Anal.
14(4):449-463.
[36] International Atomic Energy Agency. 1994. Handbook of parameter values for the
prediction of radionuclide transfer in temperate environment. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 364, Vienna, Austria.
[37] National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. 1984.
Radiological assessment: predicting the transport, bioaccumulation, and uptake by
man of radionuclides released to the environment. NCRP Rep. No. 76, Bethesda, MD.
[38] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance
for Superfund: Volume 1- Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). EPA/540/1-89/002. Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C.
[39] Whelan, G., D. L. Strenge, J. G., Jr. Droppo, B. L. Steelman, and J. W. Buck. 1987. The
Remedial Action Priority System (RAPS): Mathematical Formulations. DOE/RLL/87-09. Pacific
Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
[40] Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS): Version 1. 1989. PNL-7145.
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[41] Baes, C. F., III, Sharp, R. D., Sjoreen, A. L., and Shor, R. W. 1984. A Review and Analysis
of Parameters for Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides through Agriculture.
ORNL-5786. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
[42] ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1992. Toxicological Profile
for Carbon Disulfide. ATSDR/U.S. Public Health Service.
[43] Environmental Science Center at Syracuse Research Corporation web page
http://esc.syres.com/~ESC/kowexpdb.htm. March 1997. Expermental Log P (Octanol-Water) data base.
[44] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Soil Screening Guidance: User's Guide.
Publication 9355.4-23. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C.
[45] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Radiation Site Cleanup
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(EPA 402-R-96-011 A)
[46] Barnthouse, L.W., J.E. Breck, T.D. Jones, G.W. Suter, C. Easterly, L.R. Glass, B.A. Owen, and A.P. Watson.
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN.
[47] DOD (Department of Defense). 1991. User's Manual for the Defense Priority Model. FY 92 Version.
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